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Mandelbrot | image = Benoit Mandelbrot, TED 2010.jpg | caption = At a TED conference in 2010. | birth_date = | birth_place = Warsaw, Poland | death_date = | death_place = Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States | residence = | nationality = | fields = | work_institutions = | alma_mater = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | influences = Johannes Kepler | influenced = Nassim Nicholas Taleb | prizes = }} | spouse = }} Benoit B. 〔 Mandelbrot (20 November 1924 – 14 October 2010) was a Polish-born, French and American scientist-mathematician. He has been most widely recognized and honored for his discoveries in the field of fractal geometry. Science writer Arthur C. Clarke credits fractals as being "one of the most astonishing discoveries in the entire history of mathematics."〔 Best-selling essayist-author Nassim Nicholas Taleb, a Mandelbrot protégé and a scientific adviser at Universa Investments, has remarked that Mandelbrot's book ''The (Mis)Behavior of Markets'' is in his opinion "The deepest and most realistic finance book ever published." In 1936, while he was a child, Mandelbrot's family migrated to France. After World War II ended, Mandelbrot studied mathematics, graduating from universities in Paris and the United States and receiving a master's degree in aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology. He spent most of his career in both the United States and France, having dual French and American citizenship. In 1958, he began a 35-year career at IBM, where he became an IBM Fellow. Because of his access to IBM's computers, Mandelbrot was one of the first to use computer graphics to create and display fractal geometric images, leading to his discovering the Mandelbrot set in 1979. By doing so, he was able to show how visual complexity can be created from simple rules. He said that things typically considered to be "rough", a "mess" or "chaotic", like clouds or shorelines, actually had a "degree of order".〔 He later discovered the Mandelbrot set of intricate, never-ending fractal shapes, named in his honor. His research career included contributions to such fields as geology, medicine, cosmology, engineering and the social sciences. Toward the end of his career, he was Sterling Professor of Mathematical Sciences at Yale University, where he was the oldest professor in Yale's history to receive tenure. Mandelbrot also held positions at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Université Lille Nord de France, Institute for Advanced Study and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. During his career, he received over 15 honorary doctorates and served on many science journals, along with winning numerous awards. His autobiography, ''The Fractalist'', was published in 2012. == Early years == Mandelbrot was born in Warsaw during the Second Polish Republic. His family was Jewish and had a strong academic tradition — his mother was a dental surgeon, and his father made his living trading clothing. He was first introduced to mathematics by two of his uncles, one of whom, Szolem Mandelbrojt, was a mathematician who resided in Paris. According to Mandelbrot's autobiography, "()he love of his () mind was mathematics".〔 The family emigrated from Poland to France in 1936 when he was 11. "The fact that my parents, as economic and political refugees, joined Szolem in France saved our lives," he writes.〔 Mandelbrot attended the Lycée Rolin in Paris until the start of World War II, when his family then moved to Tulle, France. He was helped by Rabbi David Feuerwerker, the Rabbi of Brive-la-Gaillarde, to continue his studies.〔Hemenway P. Divine proportion: Phi in art, nature and science. Psychology Press, 2005 ISBN 0-415-34495-6〕〔See, Mandelbrot, 2013, p. 62-63.〕 Much of France was occupied by the Nazis at the time, and Mandelbrot recalls this period: In 1944, Mandelbrot returned to Paris, studied at the Lycée du Parc in Lyon, and in 1945 to 1947 attended the École Polytechnique, where he studied under Gaston Julia and Paul Lévy. From 1947 to 1949 he studied at California Institute of Technology, where he earned a master's degree in aeronautics.〔 Returning to France, he obtained his PhD degree in Mathematical Sciences at the University of Paris in 1952.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Benoit Mandelbrot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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